The Commitments of Traders COT report is a weekly report published by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission that shows how different types of traders are positioned in the futures market. It gives a clear picture of who is buying and who is selling, helping traders understand overall market sentiment.
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The report divides market participants into three main groups. Commercial traders are large companies that use futures to hedge their business risk, so they are often considered smart money. Non commercial traders are institutions like hedge funds that trade to make profits and usually follow trends. Non reportable traders are smaller retail participants.
To better understand why only certain traders appear in the report and how reporting thresholds work, refer to our detailed guide here
Who Is Required to Report Positions in the COT Report? (Minimum Reporting Levels Explained)
The COT report shows how many long positions and short positions each group holds, along with changes in positions over time. By comparing these positions week by week, traders can identify shifts in sentiment. For example, if institutional traders are aggressively increasing long positions while retail traders are selling, it may signal a strong trend or a potential reversal depending on market context.
Another important aspect of the report is that it reflects only reportable positions, meaning it focuses on traders above a certain size threshold. This is why the data is often used to track large players rather than small market participants.
The data is released every Friday but reflects positions from Tuesday, which means there is a slight delay. Despite this, many traders use it to confirm trends, identify extremes in positioning, and gain insight into how major market participants are behaving.
In simple terms, the COT report is a tool that helps you see what big market participants are doing so you can make more informed trading decisions instead of guessing market direction.
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